UNIT III

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

( Bentuk sekarang sudah selesai )

A.    Penggunaan

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang dilakukan pada waktu lampau atau telah terjadi dan masih ada hubungannya dengan sekarang.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang telah selesai terjadi, pada waktu yang tidak tertentu (indefinite time) sebelum waktu sekarang.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang selesai pada waktu singkat ataupun baru saja terjadi.

B.     Keterangan waktu

1. For ….

-          For several minutes

-          For (an hour, two hours ….)

-          For (a day, two days ….)

-          For (a week, two weeks ….)

-          For (a year, 2 years ….)

2. Since

-          since 1 o’clock ….                        

-    since last (week ….)

-          since … ago                                 

-    since last (month, year)

-          since a week ago                           

-    since (January ….)

-          since last (friday ….)

3. already                                                            
4. yet (-)                                                  
5. never                                                   
6. ever (?)                                                
7. recently
8. just
9. lately
10. finally
11. at last
12.  before

C.     Susunan kalimat

1. Positive (+)

(+) Subject + has/have + V III

Subject	has/have	Verb III	Object
I You We They	have	written bought cleaned played	a story a shirt the room tennis
He She It	has	gone given swum	to school a present very fast

2. Negative sentence (-)

(-) Subject + has/have + not + verb III

Subject	has/have	not	Verb III	Object
I You We They	have	not	written bought cleaned played	a story a shirt the room tennis
He She It	has		gone given swum	to school a present very fast

3. Interrogative (?)

(?) Have/Has + Subject + V III ?

Has/Have	Subject	Verb III	Object
Have	I You We They	written bought cleaned played	a story a shirt the room tennis
Has	He She It	gone given swum	to school a present very fast

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Simple Timeline

For example:
Q) Where's Jane?
A) She has gone out. She should be back in an hour.
We form the present perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb have/has and the -ed form of the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:

Statements +	Statements -	Questions	Short answer +	Short answer -
I've worked.	I haven't worked.	Have I worked?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven't.
He's worked.	He hasn't worked.	Has he worked?	Yes, he has.	No, he hasn't.
She's worked.	She hasn't worked.	Has she worked?	Yes, she has.	No, she hasn't.
It's worked.	It hasn't worked.	Has it worked?	Yes, it has.	No, it hasn't.
You've worked.	You haven't worked.	Have you worked?	Yes you have.	No, you haven't.
We've worked.	We haven't worked.	Have we worked?	Yes we have.	No, we haven't.
They've worked.	They haven't worked.	Have they worked?	Yes they have.	No, they haven't.

The present perfect simple is used to discuss events that have just been completed at the moment of speaking.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework?"
A) "Yes, I've just finished it."

It is often used to suggest that a past action still has an effect upon something happening in the present.
For example:
"The pound has fallen against the dollar."

It is also used to discuss unfinished time.
For example:
Q) Have you done your homework today?
A) No, I haven't done it yet.

Note - You are talking about today and today isn't finished, so you may do your homework later!
Q) Have you ever been to England?"
A) "Yes I have."

Note - You are talking about something that has happened in your life and your life isn't finished!