Past Perfect Tense


UNIT VII
PAST PERFECT TENSE
(Bentuk lampau telah selesai)

A.    Penggunaan :
  1. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
  2. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa pada saat dan berlangsung sampai saat yang lain pada waktu lampau.
  3. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di saat lampau.
  4. Untuk menyatakan alas an atau jawaban dari peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau (Simple Past Tense)
B.     Keterangan waktu :
Keterangan waktu tense ini adalah :
-          after …
-          … before
-          … when
-          as soon as
-          by …
-          by the end of
-          by the time
-          by 1 o’clock yesterday

C.    Susunan kalimat :
  1. Positive (+) : Subject + Had + V III
Subject
had
V III
Object
I
had
written
a story
You
bought
a shirt
We
cleaned
the room
They
played
tennis

He
had
gone
to school
She
given
a present
It
swum
very fast

  1. Negative (-) + had + not + V III
Subject
be 2
not
Verb III
Object
I
had
not
written
a story
You
We
They
bought
cleaned
played
a shirt
the room
tennis
He
She
It
gone
given
swum
to school
a present
very fast

  1. Interrogative (?)
Had + Subject + Verb III ?
Had
Subject
V III
Object
Had
I
written
a story?
You
bought
a shirt?
We
cleaned
the room?
They
played
tennis?
He
gone
to school?
She
given
a present?
It
swum
very fast?

Past Perfect Tense

I had sung
The past perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and to use. This tense talks about the "past in the past".

How do we make the Past Perfect Tense?

The structure of the past perfect tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb HAVE + main verb

conjugated in simple past tense
past participle
had V3
For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:
subject auxiliary verb
main verb
+ I had finished my work.
+ You had stopped before me.
- She had not gone to school.
- We had not left.
? Had you arrived?
? Had they eaten dinner?
When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I had I'd
you had you'd
he had
she had
it had		 he'd
she'd
it'd
we had we'd
they had they'd
 
The 'd contraction is also used for the auxiliary verb would. For example, we'd can mean:
  • We had
    or
  • We would
But usually the main verb is in a different form, for example:
  • We had arrived (past participle)
  • We would arrive (base)
It is always clear from the context.

How do we use the Past Perfect Tense?

The past perfect tense expresses action in the past before another action in the past. This is the past in the past. For example:
  • The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. When we arrived, the train had left.
The train had left when we arrived.
past present future
Train leaves in past at 9am.
9 9.15
We arrive in past at 9.15am.
Look at some more examples:
  • I wasn't hungry. I had just eaten.
  • They were hungry. They had not eaten for five hours.
  • I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before.
  • "Mary wasn't at home when I arrived."
    "Really? Where had she gone?"
You can sometimes think of the past perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of the time being now the time is past.
past perfect tense present perfect tense
had |
done |
> |



have |
done |
> |
past now future past now future
For example, imagine that you arrive at the station at 9.15am. The stationmaster says to you:
  • "You are too late. The train has left."
Later, you tell your friends:
  • "We were too late. The train had left."
We often use the past perfect tense in reported speech after verbs like said, told, asked, thought, wondered:
Look at these examples:
  • He told us that the train had left.
  • I thought I had met her before, but I was wrong.
  • He explained that he had closed the window because of the rain.
  • I wondered if I had been there before.
  • I asked them why they had not finished.

The past perfect simple tense is used to go further back in time when we are already talking about the past. It can make it clear that something had already happened at the time we are talking about.

Past Perfect Simple Timeline

We form the past perfect simple by using the auxilliary verb had and the -ed form of the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms have to be learned:
Statements
+		 Statements
-		 Questions Short answer
+		 Short answer
-
I'd worked ... I hadn't worked ... Had I worked ...? Yes, I had. No, I hadn't.
He'd worked ... He hadn't worked ... Had he worked ...? Yes, he had. No, he hadn't.
She'd worked ... She hadn't worked ... Had she worked ...? Yes, she had. No, she hadn't.
It had worked ... It hadn't worked ... Had it worked ...? Yes, it had. No, it hadn't.
You'd worked ... You hadn't worked ... Had you worked ...? Yes you had. No, you hadn't.
We'd worked ... We hadn't worked ... Had we worked ...? Yes we had. No, we hadn't.
They'd worked ... They hadn't worked ... Had they worked ...? Yes they had. No, they hadn't.
For example:
"I had already done the shopping by the time she came home."
"I was late for work, by the time I arrived the client had already left."
The past perfect simple can be used to show how often something happened in the past.
For example:
I'd visited the city many times before.
It can also be used to express unfulfilled wishes or dreams. Sometimes called the Third Conditional.
For example:
"If I had won the lottery I would have bought a new car." Note: If I had done something I would have done something else.



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